In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year among men aged 16-74 for 2019/20 (0.7%) compared to 2018/19. This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). GillespieShields. 106 Divorce Statistics You Can't Ignore: 2023 Divorce Rates and Impact A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that leads to a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning within that year or within a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. Similarly, we refer to females / males and women / men in this report, as a reflection of the binary classification in use. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). Previously mothers had no rights at all over their children if the marriage broke down. (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. 41% of females received a suspended sentence for this offence, compared with 20% of males. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. Offenders under supervision or in custody, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Women and the Criminal Justice System 2019, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20, Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020, Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders), Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables, Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020, Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf, Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). Youth custody data for March 2017 published. Why Do Women Get Child Custody In 90 Percent Of All Cases? Isn't It Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. Additionally, men are awarded less support on average than mothers who are awarded support. This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. The proportion of males issued a caution for indictable offences was 56%, compared to 52% for female offenders. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. The remains . This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. The ACSL for male offenders in 2019 was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. Figure 5.09: The level of concordance between sentences proposed and outcomes for female and male offenders, by sentence type, 2019[footnote 56]. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. You have rejected additional cookies. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. These single parents are raising as many as 22.4 million children. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. The 75+ group was the only age group where prevalence of violent crime in highest among females. Findings from a recent data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in Year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 91][footnote 92]. Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Dispelling The Myth Of Gender Bias In The Family Court System - HuffPost To avoid inconsistency in the length of their offending histories, for those with an academic year of 2008/09 their offending data has been considered up to 31 August 2016 and for those with an academic year of 2009/10 it has been considered up to 31 August 2017. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. This report provides an overview of these children and their custodial parents, including their socioeconomic characteristics and the types and the amount of child support received from noncustodial parents. This compared to Black females, accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions White female defendants accounted for 87% of all female prosecutions, and this has been broadly stable since 2015. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. Report on Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. This was considerably higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 102] and 2014/15[footnote 103] (14% for both young females and young males). Previous data representing ages 16-59 are therefore incomparable to data after April 2017. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. A consistently lower proportion of female defendants entered a guilty plea over the last 5 years, at 66% in 2019 compared to 71% of male defendants. separation. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. Britain has the highest proportion of fatherless families (2 million) of any major European country. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. These statistics concentrate on the flow of children (aged 10-17) through the youth justice system in England and Wales. Between 2015 and 2019, offenders of unknown sex comprised less than 1% of offenders. Of all female prosecutions, 56% were brought forward by a prosecuting authority other than the police, compared to 23% for male defendants.