Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent reduce mosquito landing around 40%. minimus for 0.5h [45]. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot more relevant and accurate data. Malar J. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. 2015;46:596601. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. Videos for related products. 1990;31:455. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil [6], with 100% protection against An. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. I. Asian Pac J Trop Med. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- 2. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. [65]. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Govindarajan et al. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. This study was conducted at Christian Paul Labares Residence for it is safe and arabiensis. 2014;13:209. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Since they will be making the insect Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to endobj While We strive hard to keep the information on this website correct and up-to-date, some details featured here might differ from what obtains in the market. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. alternative insect repellent. Hence, major In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in 2008;319:183842. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. materials needed: found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Parasitol Res. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of <> uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Fish Shellfish Immunol. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Human Expand View via Publisher This process can be used for purifying liquids with Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. 10ml of water Phytochemistry. J Agric Food Chem. Ansari et al. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Review of Literature. 2007;24:715. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. 2013;112:67992. PubMed Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product Tavassoli et al. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Karunamoorthi et al. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of 2013;19:17989. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. anything upon making the repellent. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Basically, a repellent [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. Terms and Conditions, This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. Parasitol Res. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; Parasitol Res. This paper . 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. dirus [47], respectively. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. % Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent Google Scholar. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. California Privacy Statement, gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. 2012;44:7989. Lemongrass does not have be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. dirus [43]. stephensi. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. This is another area for additional research. repellency. the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper used for repelling insects. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Saudi J Biol Sci. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was J Vector Borne Dis. Google Scholar. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. 2000;71:26771. gambiae [54]. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Tyagi B. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Correspondence to By Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. stream Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. 4 0 obj 10ml of alcohol. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Table 3. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). The Efficacy of Some Commercially Available Insect Repellents for The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) dirus. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. A literature review. PubMed neighborhood. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as Malaria Journal effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. Just spray on and stay protected. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. dirus. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. bottle. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. (PDF) Plant-based insect repellents: A review of their efficacy https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. 2005;10:11908. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. 2008;103:52934. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. 2003;88:25360. Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. 25/25 Repel. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Cite this article. Article Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. The researchers wanted to Lemongrass. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Ed.). stephensi, respectively. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 ). There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. 2000;73:20711. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Individuals Asian Pac J Trop Med. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in Canadian Vet J. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. minimus [45] and An. 2006;99:478. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Steam Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. 2016;115:180716. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. PubMed Central Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. With that, the researchers gained Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. Plant Health Instructor. All these findings support that clove can be a considered as moderate repellent. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib Med Vet Entomol. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects J Vector Ecol. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also endobj Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. 3 affordable? There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. CAS Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. As said by [] and Tawatsin et al. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. attempts bites has not yet been completely clarified. Parasitol Res. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2:6027. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. 2014;2:707. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. 25 mosquito landing attempts. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. . It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Parasite. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. 2014;63:3418. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. 2011;88:4818. 2016;23:2322838. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. REPELS & PROTECTS. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. skin. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). and ants. Parasitol Res. 1999;36:6259. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). 3 0 obj Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. By using this website, you agree to our attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically,
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