Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Sulod Society. University,University of Manila (1958). "9 Magical Insects and Their Folklore." University of the Philippines Press. These are just a few of the legends about bees. Philippine Studies Vol. Cruz-Lucero, R., Pototanon, R. M. (2018). Page 46. New Day Publishers. Jesus, Pablo de (1580). The Manobos of Mindanao. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. Tiongson, N. G., Barrios, J. Fernandez, Doreen G. 1978. Hart D. V., Hart H. C. (1966). Quezon City: U.P. Religious Tourism in Asia: Tradition and Change Through Case Studies and Narratives. Capiznon. Dictionary Yakan Pilipino English. (1582) 1903. Munn and Company, 1901. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala. Its a rich artistic tradition, and its influence on Sekiro is clear. Saway, V. L. The Talaandig. Creation and Flood Myths in Philippine Folk Literature. Kabunian: the supreme deity and the origin of rice; Moon Deity: the deity who teased Kabunian for not yet having a spouse, Child of Kabunian: the child of Kabunian with a mortal woman; split in half, where one part became lightning and the other became thunder, Matono: a brave woman who adventured into the underworld and saw the causes of poor crops and earthquakes; she afterwards reported her studies to the people of the earth; during the kosdy, the people pray to her to not permit the rice, camotes, and other things to grow down, but to cause them to grow up, Kabigat (of where the water rises): journeyed into the underworld to retrieve trees which became the forests of the middle world, Kabigat (of where the water empties): taught Kabigat (of where the water empties) how to safely get trees from the underworld, Masekn: ruler of the underworld with green eyebrows, red eyes, and a tail, Kabigat (of the east): a large man in the east who adopted Bangan, Bangan: son of Otot and adopted by Kabigat; a kind young man who loved both his father and foster-father; shared gold to the world though Kabigat, Otot: a large man in the west who perished due to an accident, while travelling with his son, Bangan; a tree of gold rose from his burial, where Kabunian fell the tree and all gold on earth scattered from it, Sun God: the deity who pushed up the skyworld and pushed down the underworld, creating earth, after he was hit by a man's arrow during the war between the peoples of the skyworld and the underworld, Labangan: a man who was got the first grain of rice used by mankind from Kabunian, Wife of Kabunian: the spouse of Kabunian who bore their child, which was split into two and revived into lightning and thunder, Two Blind Women: two kind blind beggars in hunger who were driven away by their neighbors; fed by a woman who came from a rock and an old woman; one was given a sack or rice, while the other was given a bottle of water; when they returned home, they decided to replant the rice and distribute it to the people, while the bottle of water gushed out streams which also aided mankind, Delan: deity of the moon, worshiped with the sun and stars; congenial with Elag; during quarrels, Elag sometimes covers Delan's face, causing the different phases of the moon; giver of light and growth, Elag: deity of the sun, worshiped with the moon and stars; has a magnificent house in the sky realm called Gacay; retreats to his home during nights; giver of light and growth, Pandac: deity of the stars, worshiped with the sun and moon; giver of light and growth, Cain: the headhunter creator of mankind; gave customs to the people; lived together with Abel in the sky but separated due to a quarrel, Abel: prayed to when wishing long lives for children; lived together with Cain in the sky but separated due to a quarrel, Keat: personification of lightning, depicted as the road of Cain and Abel, Kidu: personification of thunder, which follows Keat, Oden: deity of the rain, worshiped for its life-giving waters, Betang: unpredictable shape-shifting spirit-creatures living in the forests or wilderness called Gongot; youth and softness are their properties, while they can also alter a human's sense of time; they may take the form of a white dog, a large deer, a horse with a hanging tongue, a naked woman, or beings with grotesque shapes, whose attributes range from long arms and legs, small heads, oversized feet, fur bodies, to hairless bodies; they may also enter a person's dreams or paralyze a human, Gaek Spirits: spirits in the Gaek magic plant used in relation to hunting and fishing; the naw-naw prayer is given to them, Unnamed Supreme God: the supreme god who tasked the primordial giants to initiate the creation of many things, Buni: possibly the name of the supreme god, Aran: one of the two primordial giants tasked with the creation of many things, Abra: an old god who controls the weather; married to Makiling, the elder, Makiling (the elder): the goddess gave birth to Cabuyaran, Cabuyaran: the goddess of healing; daughter of Abra and Makiling, the elder; she eloped with Anianihan, Anianihan: the god of harvest who eloped with Cabuyaran, Saguday: the god of the wind who is one of the two gods preferred by Abra to be his daughter's spouse, Revenador: the god of thunder and lightning who is one of the two gods preferred by Abra to his daughter's spouse, Bulan: the god of peace who comforted the grieving Abra, Amman: the god of the sun, where the sun is his eye, Makiling (the younger): granddaughter of Makiling, the elder; she is guarded by the dog god Lobo in the underworld, Lobo: a god who was punished to become a large dog guarding the entrance to the underworld, Unnamed God: the underworld god who punished Lobo, Sipnget: the goddess of darkness who requested Ang-ngalo to build her a mansion, Asin: ruler of the kingdom of salt, who aided Ang-ngalo in the building of a white mansion, Ocean Deity: the goddess of the ocean whose waters slammed the ediface of salt being built by Ang-ngalo and Asin, causing the sea's water to become salty, Apolaki: the name of a deity, which later was used to refer to the supreme deity of Christian converts, Ines Kannoyan: beautiful maiden who became the lover of Lam-ang; aided the resurrection of Lam-ang, Horned Presidente: a presidente of a town who wished to have horns to frighten the people under his rule and keep them under his control; his wish backfired as the people perceived him as worse than an animal; he continued to demand to be the ruler despite his people withdrawing their support, which eventually led to his death, Agueo: the morose and taciturn sun god who is obedient to his father, Ama; lives in a palace of light, Bulan: the merry and mischievous moon god, whose dim palace was the source of the perpetual light which became the stars; guides the ways of thieves, Anito: spirits who lurk everywhere; capable of inflicting pain and suffering, or of granting rewards, Gods of the Pistay Dayat: gods who are pacified through the Pistay Dayat ritual, where offerings are given to the spirits of the waters who pacify the gods, Urduja: a warrior princess who headed a supreme fleet, Rizal: a culture-hero who, according to tradition, will return to aid his people in their struggle for victory and genuine freedom, Malayari: also called Apo Namalyari, the supreme deity and creator, Akasi: the god of health and sickness; sometimes seen at the same level of power as Malayari, Kalasakas: god of early ripening of rice stalks, Kalasokus: god of turning grain yellow and dry, Damulag: also called Damolag, god of protecting fruiting rice from the elements, Anitun Tauo: the goddess of wind and rain who was reduced in rank by Malayari for her conceit, Great Creator: the god who created all things; used to come down and talk to people before the great flood; rules the earth through Tigbalog, Lueve, Amas, and Binangewan, Gutugutumakkan: the supreme deity, possibly the name of the Great Creator. harpotho said: Maybe Arachne, the Greek woman who was turned into the first spider by Hera. It could be inferred that Cent Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/insect-magic-and-folklore-2562520. Hatboro, Pennsylvania: Folklore Assosciates Inc. Pangilinan, M. (20142020). Filipino Heritage, I, 15. Page 151-152. (1992). A List of 5 Deities That are Associated with Crows [With Stories] Pasig: River of Life. University of Manila., 1958. This entity from Egyptian mythology was tasked with metaphorically protecting the dead from the other canines. Socio-cultural History of Mamanwa Adaptations of Community in Sitio Palayan, Barangay Caucab, Almeria Biliran. A. Assessing environmental conservation on Palawan Island (the Philippines), in D. Anderson and E. Berglund (eds.) University of the Philippines. University of Manila Journal Of East Asiatic Studies, Volumes 7-8. Scott, W. H. (1994). Views on Philippine Revolution, Volume 1. University of Chicago Press, 1968. Ramirez y Giraudier, 1860. Sepa has been depicted as a mummiform man with two small horns on His head; I wonder if these horns correspond with centipede forcipules. Fox, R. B. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Webmukade (, mukade) is a very large centipede-like yokai that lives in the mountains near Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture. These animals are predatory and carnivorous. Baguio City: Lyceum of Baguio. Asian Studies. They are: The last three are theSantisima Trinidad, to whom the, Rawtit: the ancient and gigantic matriarch who wields a huge knife, wears a lycra, and has magical power to leap miles in one bound; she brings peace to the forest and all its inhabitants, Quadruple Deities: the four childless naked deities, composed of two gods who come from the sun and two goddesses who come from the upper part of the river; summoned using the paragayan or diolang plates, Sayum-ay and Manggat: the ancestral ancient couple who named all trees, animals, lakes, rocks, and spirits, Labang: evil spirits which manifests in animal forms whose bites are fatal, as the bite marks on humans can become channels for bad spirits, Lahi: spirits which are potential allies and protectors against the Labang, Malawan: spirits that live in the springs in the deep forest, Taw Gubat: jungle men who live deep in the forest, Bulaw: those who live in mountain peaks; depicted as shooting stars because they fly from one peak to another and lights its way with a torch made from human bone, Bulang: a man who got stuck underwater during a torrential rain, resulting to his body become a rock called Bato Bulang; his rock serves as a stopper to a hole beneath it at the Binagaw river, where if it is to be removed, the whole area will be submerged in water, Mahal na Makaako: the supreme deity who gave life to all human beings merely by gazing at them, Binayo: owner of a garden where all spirits rest, Binayi: a sacred female spirit who is the caretaker of the Kalag Paray; married to Balingabong, Balungabong: spirit who is aided by 12 fierce dogs; erring souls are chased by these dogs and are eventually drowned in a cauldron of boiling water; married to Binayi, Kalag Paray: rice spirits; appeased to ensure a bountiful harvest, Labang: evil spirits who can take the form of animals and humans, Daniw: spirit residing in the stone cared for by the healers, Anay and Apog: the only two humans who survived the great flood which killed every other human; lived on top of Mount Naapog, Inabay: wife of Amalahi; met a ghoul, who she requested betel nuts to chew on, as per custom; later turned into a ghoul due to the ghoul's betel nuts, Amalahi: husband of Inabay; killed by his wife, who had turned into a ghoul, Daga-daga: eldest child of Inabay and Amalahi; sister of Palyos; called on the help of the Timawa to escape from her mother, and took care of her child brother in the forest, Palyos: younger child of Ibanay and Amalahi; brother of Daga-daga; befriended a wild chicken who he became friends with until he became tall; eventually, his friend chicken left the world of the living, leaving on its two wings, which when Palyos planted, sprouted and fruited rice, clothing, beads, and many others, which he and his sister shared with others, Timawa: the elves who aided the child Daga-daga and her small brother Palyos to escape from their mother, Inabay, who had turned into a ghoul, Amalahi: a grinning man who tricked the giant Amamangan and his family, which led to their death, Amamangan: a giant whose entire family were tricked by Amalahi, leading to death, Daldali: the fast one, who is always in a hurry, which usually results into deplorable things; cousin of Malway-malway, Malway-malway: the slow one, whose acts are normal and proper; cousin of Daldali, Monkey and Crocodile: two characters where Monkey always outwits. 49, No. Sugidanon (Epics) of Panay Series. (1915). Indigenous Peoples and Community Conserved Areas and Territories Consortium. Kami can be good or bad. [2], Some ethnic groups have pantheons ruled by a supreme deity (or deities), while others revere ancestor spirits and/or the spirits of the natural world, where there is a chief deity but consider no deity supreme among their divinities. Ethnography of The Bikol People, ii. China: Tuttle Publishing, Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. Eugenio, D. L. (2013). Philippine Folk Literature: The Myths Issue 2 of Philippine folk literature series. Lulu.com, 2018. Centipedes tend to be nocturnal, which means approaching Sepa after dark is not only a-okay but potentially downright preferential. Madrid, 1895. Danyag 2 (Dec): 114. Kelly, P. (2016). "9 Magical Insects and Their Folklore." (1932, January). Rex Bookstore, Inc. Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Journal of American Folklore. You Are Here: what happened to calista flockhart zta password zip deities associated with centipedes Oceanic Linguistics30:73129. The Boxer Codex Manuscript c. 1590, using the English translation by Souza & Turley. 3/4: Ancestral Spirits as Healers: The "Pagomboh" and "Pag-igal Jin" Rituals of the Sama Dilaut. Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Priviledge. San Antonio, Juan Francisco de (1738). Page 26. Manila. Limikid, B. I am Osiris, for whom his father and mother sealed an agreement on that day of carrying out the great slaughter; Geb is my father and Nut is my mother, I am Horus the Elder on the Day of Accession, I am Anubis of Sepa, I am the Lord of. Ateneo de Manila University. A. deities associated with centipedes Fansler, D. S. (1922). Bikols of the Philippines. deities associated with centipedes Far Eastern University (1967). 6, No. Thanks to Valentine's Day, many gods and goddesses of love and fertility are honored at this time. National Historical Institute, 1993. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Pedro de(1613). King Sinukwan Mythology and the Kapampangan Psyche. Gaddang Literature. Page 33-34, 113. By fall, they tend to be fairly active because theyre seeking warmth which is why you may find yourself suddenly face to face with an eight-legged visitor some night when you get up to use the bathroom. 18, No. (1983). Beyer, H. O. Ateneo University Press, 1994. In ancient Egypt, the scarab beetle was well known as a symbol of the gods and eternal life. Holy and Unholy Numbers Springer International Publishing. "The Ma-aram in a Kiniray-a Society." Southeast Asia Institute. Ethnography of the Bikol People, vii. McFarland, 2016. Madale, A. That means I feel pretty good about offering meats and/or cheeses to Sepa, but not fruits, and not really sweets (which are frequently grain-based). Hedgehogs: Hedgehogs are symbolic of good fortune, especially if you meet one going in the opposite direction. Contrasting landscapes, conflicting ontologies. deities associated with centipedesjj auto sales. Chaosmology: Shamanism and personhood among the Bugkalot. North Atlantic Books, 2010. Numbers and Units in Old Tagalog. Far Eastern University Faculty Journal, Volume 12. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub. Sepa, the Centipede God, was a protective fertility deity whose worship began in the Predynastic Period (c. 6000-3150 BCE). 1965 Filipino Popular Tales. Philippine Sociological Review Vol. Manuscript Collection on Philippine Folktakes. 42, No. The Soul Book. Today is a Feast Day for Sepa, the centipede god of ancient Egypt. Genitality in Tagalog. (M. Antonio, Ed.) Page 16. Beyer, H.O. (1979). 42, No. Galang, Zoilo M. (1950). Things I have been extrapolating, inferring, and/or contemplating, which I have not verified in any historical source: So, tonight, I did a light purification and laid a modest offering spread for the Feast of Sepa: sausage slices and sharp cheddar, cool water, incense, and a candle. dayton leroy rogers family. Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala. Page 476. Centennial Crossings: Readings on Babaylan Feminism in the Philippines. Beyer, H. O. Jocano, F. L. (1958). Manila: Bureau of Printing. Snpan Singsing: Center for Kapampngan Cultural Heritage. Romulo, L. (2019). Page 280. Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, trabajado por varios sugetos doctos y graves, y ltimamente aadido, corregido y coordinado. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Protection from snake and scorpion bites is not to be taken lightly. The University of the Philippines Press. 28, No. University of San Carlos Publications. Unilever Philippines. Buenabora, N. P. (1975). Sepa, the Centipede God, was a protective fertility deity whose worship began in the Predynastic Period (c. 6000-3150 BCE). Page 22-23. list of Philippine mythological creatures, Kapampangan lunar goddess of the same name, "Applicability and importance of Carakas concept of Aaturaparijnana Hetawah in understanding a patient", "Critical review on Bhaishajya Kaala (time of drug administration) in Ayurveda", History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia, Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities, Visa requirements for Philippine citizens, Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages, Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language, Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language, Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language, Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language, Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka, Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India, Business process outsourcing in the Philippines, Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines, National Assembly of the Philippines Hall, Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music, Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts, Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta, Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta, Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana, Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian, Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008), Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014), Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Philippine_mythological_figures&oldid=1135463728, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. In dream symbolism, earthworms indicate a need to delve into ones subconscious. New Day Publishers. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines. 1: The World and The Ways of the Ivatan Aitu. Casal, G. (1986). Illinois Wesleyan University. Arnaiz, V. C. (2014). Cawed, C. (1972). Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc. Barton, R. F. (1946). Seki, K. (2001). Mayura (Sanskrit: Mayra) is a Sanskrit word for peacock[1] which is one of the sacred birds of the Hindu culture. Anting-anting: o kung bakit nagtatago sa loob ng bato si bathala. WebAFAIK, there are no deities associated with vanilla. The North American Review. Fiu Weh: the god who created modern humans by separating the sexual organs; Sawe: goddess who joined Melu to live in the world, Diwata: goddess who joined Fiuwe to live in the sky, Baswit: a primordial bird who lived on the first island as small as a hat called Salnaon; by the order of the gods, it brought earth, a fruit of rattan, and fruits of trees to Melu, who used the materials to create the world, Tau Dalom Tala: spirit who lives in the underworld, Loos Klagan: the most feared deity, uttering his name is considered a curse, Bulon La Mogoaw: one of the two supreme deities; married to Kadaw La Sambad; lives in the seventh layer of the universe, Kadaw La Sambad: one of the two supreme deities; married to Bulon La Mogoaw; lives in the seventh layer of the universe, Cumucul: son of the supreme deities; has a cohort of fire, a sword and shield; married to BoiKafil, BoiKafil: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Cumucul, Bong Libun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Sfedat; could not bear children, Sfedat: son of the supreme deities; married to Bong Libun; could not bear children; asked Bong Libun to instead kill him, where his body became the land on which plants spout from, Dwata: son of the supreme deities; married to both Sedek We and Hyu We; placed the land-body of Sfedat onto the sea, Sedek We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Dwata, Hyu We: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Dwata, Blotik: son of the supreme deities; married to Slel, Slel: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Blotik, Blomi: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Mule, Mule: son of the supreme deities; married to Blomi, Loos Klagan: son of the supreme deities; married both La Fun and Datu Bnoling, La Fun: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos Klagan, Datu Bnoling: daughter of the supreme deities; married to Loos Klagan, Fu: spirits that inhabit and own the natural environment. Page 9. While the woolly bears predictive ability may sound magical (and has been known for centuries), it was actually scientifically studied in the early 1950s, by Dr. C. H. Curran. 2, No. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Page 29. Cole,M. Took a bit of self-control not to flinch, either way! Philippine Center for Advanced Studies, University of the Philippines System., 1983. Centipedes were seen following earthworms which improved the fertility of soil, leading to Sepas association with fertility. (1958). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. University of Santo Toms (2002). Monier-Williams, Monier (1872). Manila: Central Bank of the Philippines and Ayala Museum. Egyptian Gods The Complete List. They are often depicted with dragon-like features. Theyre determined little creatures, who spend their entire existence preparing to be something else. Katutubo: Gaddang of Isabela (2009). The Origin of Earth and of Man. Philippine Folk Tales. Sagada Social Studies. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2007. University of the Philippines Press. Martinez-Juan, M. C. (2003). Halili, M. C. N. (2004). Kikuchi, Y. Cole, M. C. (1916). 1: A Legend of the Subanen Buklog. Limos, M. A. Ortiz, Tomas (1731). Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016). Dua Sepa! Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. The woolly bear is a caterpillar that has folklore all his own in fact, he is tasked with foretelling the weather. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. I freely admit that my initial spark of curiosity about Sepa was due to His being a son of Sekhmet, but without knowing from whence that came historically, I am hesitant to put my full weight on it as a bridge to Him. Gttinger Studien zur Musikwissenschaft Volume 3. Description mukade are monstrous mukadecentipedes (Scolopendra subspinipes) with dark bodies and bright orange legs and heads. Page 22. The Kemetic Orthodoxy calendar lists Him as Heru-Sepa, or Horus-Who-is-Sepa, and as a son of Sekhmet. MCS Enterprises. Some Aspects of Filipino Vernacular Literature, 292293. Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. Page 192. An Encyclopedia of Shamanism Volume 1, Volume 1. Mallari, J. C. (2009). Origin Myth of the Manuvu. Tengu. Press. Yasuda, S., Razaq Raj, R., Griffin, K. A. [1] The diversity in these important figures is exhibited in many cases, of which a prime example is the Ifugao pantheon, where in a single pantheon, deities alone are calculated to number at least 1,500. He was sometimes given the head of a donkey, possibly to reflect the fact that donkey manure was used to improve the fertility of soil. Cajetas-Saranza, R. (2016). Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino. WebThe mayura named Citramekhala is associated with Saraswati, a deity representing benevolence, patience, kindness, compassion and knowledge. Asian Folklore Studies. Use the mantis in workings that involve finding new directions, re-orienting yourself, and gaining your bearings when youre lost, either physically or emotionally. This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. "Sibod in Binanog: Understanding the Binanog Tradition of the Panay Bukidnon in Western Visayas." (1987). The ancient Egyptians could see that insects attacked dead bodies, but centipedes fed on the insects and so they concluded that the centipedes protected the dead. Philippine Studies Vol. Ateneo de Manila University. Bagobo Myths. Marsden, William (1784). Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Mycosphere. deities associated with centipedes griffin park demolished 17: The Adam and Eve of the Ilocanos. Oxford Research Group. University of Manila., 1956. The legend states that the Mayura was created from the feathers of Garuda, another semi-divine birds of Hindu culture. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los. Manila: Impr. Segoyong: guardians of the classes of natural phenomena; punishes humans to do not show respect and steal their wards; many of them specialize in a class, which can be water, trees, grasses, caves behind waterfalls, land caves, snakes, fire, nunuk trees, deers, and pigs; Segoyong of Land Caves: take the form of a feared snake known a humanity's grandparent; cannot be killed for he is the twin of the first people who was banished for playfully roughly with his sibling, Segoyong of Pigs: takes its share of butterflies in the forest; feared during night hunts, Segoyong of Deers: can change humans into deers and man-eaters; feared during night hunts, Segoyong of Sickness: sends sickness to humans because in the early years, humans were not nice to him; talking about him is forbidden and if one should refer to him, a special sign of surrender is conducted, Woman at Bonggo: the woman at Bonggo who gathers the spirits at the land of the dead in the sky; keeps the spirit of the body, Woman beyond Bonggo: the woman beyond Bonggo who keeps the spirit of the umbilical cord, Brother of Tulus: lives in the highest abode in the land of the dead, where those who died in battle reside, Maginalao: beings of the upper regions who can aid someone to go up in the upper worlds without dying, where usually a female aids a person first, followed by her brother; they sometimes come to earth to aid the poor and the suffering, Giant of Chasms: the first one to guard the chasms between the layers of the upper regions; a man-eating giant, Spirit of Lightning and Thunder: advises humans about good and bad, to not tease animals, and to respect elders and ancestors, Spirit Who Turns Earth into Water: advises humans about good and bad, to not tease animals, and to respect elders and ancestors, Settlers of the Mountains: each of the eight layers of the upper regions have eight spirits referred as Settlers of the Mountains; they are four men and four women who are appealed to for pity in order to get to the highest ranking spirit in a layer, Spirit of the Stars: a spirit higher in rank than the Settlers of the Mountains, Spirit of the Umbilical Cord: the woman beside the deity Meketefu (Tulus); hardest to get pity from as the people were once unkind to her, Malang Batunan: a giant who had a huge house; keep the souls of any false shamans from passing through the region of the Great Spirit, Major constellation deities: six constellations asked by the hero Lagey Lingkuwus to remain in the sky to aid in the people's farming, Fegeferafad: the leader of the constellations; actual name is Keluguy, the fatherly figure for the cousins Kufukufu, Baka, and Seretar; shaped like a human, the deity has a headcloth and chicken wings on his head, symbolizing courage, Kufukufu: one of the three cousins who view both Fegeferafad and Singkad as their fatherly figures, Baka: one of the three cousins who view both Fegeferafad and Singkad as their fatherly figures, Seretar: one of the three cousins who view both Fegeferafad and Singkad as their fatherly figures, Singkad: spouse of Kenogon; another fatherly figure for the cousins Kufukufu, Baka, and Seretar, Kenogon: spouse of Singkad; has a comb, which is always near Singkad, Flood Couple: after the great flood, a Teduray boy and Dulungan girl survived and married; their offspring who took after their father became the Teduray, while those who took after their mother became the Dulungan, who were later absorbed by the Manobo, Mamalu: an ancestor of the Teduray; the elder sibling who went into the mountains to remain with the native faith; brother of Tambunaoway, ancestor of the Maguindanao, Tambunaoway: an ancestor of the Maguindanao; the younger sibling who went remained in the lowlands and welcomed a foreign faith; brother of Mamalu, ancestor of the Teduray, First Humans: the first couple's child died and from the infant's body, sprouted various plants and lime, Pounding Woman: a woman who was pounding rice one day that she hit the sky with her pestle, which shamed the sky, causing it to go higher, Alagasi: giant humans from western lands who eat smaller humans, Tigangan: giants who take corpses, and transform these corpse into whatever they want to eat, Supreme Being: the supreme deity who is far way, and so lesser divinities and spirits hear people's prayers instead; was also later called as Allah by Muslim converts, Malaykat: each person is protected by these angelic beings from illness; they also guide people in work, making humans active, diligent, and good; they do not talk nor borrow a voice from humans, and they don't treat sick persons, Tunung: spirits who live in the sky, water, mountain, or trees; listens to prayers and can converse with humans by borrowing the voice of a medium; protects humans from sickness and crops from pests, Cotabato Healer Monkey: a monkey who lived near a pond outside Cotabato city; it heals those who touch it and those who give it enough offerings, Patakoda: a giant stallion whose presence at the Pulangi river is an omen for an unfortunate event.